Safety-burner.



L. S. CHADWICK.

SAFETY BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 30. 1914. 1,268,21 6, Patented June 4, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l- L. S. CHADWICK.

SAFETY BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 30.1914. 1,268,216., Patented June 4,1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

M Q/ H a 2 W z QXQBWA.

L. S. CHADWICK.

SAFETY BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 30. 1914.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3.

Patented June 4, 1918.

L. S. CHADWICK.

SAFETY BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 30. 1914.

Iarenfmi Juno 4, 1918.,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- J30 1 12 z y rename.

a a r.

LEE S. CHADWICK, OF EAST CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE CLEVELAND METAL '.PRODUCTS COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

SAFETY-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June d, 2W1.

Application filed November 30, 1914:. Serial No. 874,700.

To all whom it may concern:

rious embodiments of the invention il1'us-' tratedv and described herein, a wick is employed as the means whereby the oil is fed to the desired vapor-generating point and furnishes the surface from which the vapor is evolved for purposes of combustion. The various embodiments of my invention illustrated and described herein are burners of the type wherein a blue flame is produced through the manner of supplying air to the vapors evolved from and burned in proximity to the upper and exposed end of the wick and wherein, for this purpose, a centrally arranged air distributor or controller is provided within the upper end of the inner wick tube and a cooperating air distributing element is provided outside of and extending above the outer wick tube, a typical instance of burners of this character being shown in the patent to Jeavons No. 951,612, issued March 8, 1910.

It is the general object ofthis invention to improve the operation of burners of the type referred to, and particularly in the matter of safety, whereby such burners are rendered practically immune from the dangers attendant upon and arising from the discharge of vapors in proximity to either of the wick tubes. Where these vapors are discharged and ignited in proximity to one or both of the wick tubes, vapors will be gen-' erated from the space between such tubes in such quantity as to be incapable of proper combustion and control; in fact, the oil within the space between the wick tubes will boil, evolving vapors in excess of the-consuming capacity of the burner, meanwhile increasing the flame in proximity to the wick tubes, with the result that the evolution of the vapors and the consequent amount of combustion is continually increasing, melting all of the soldered connections and thereby endangering the compartment in which the stove may be located. In addition to providing a burner of the type set forth which shall be free from the objections heretofore noted, a further object of the invention is to provide such a burner with means whereby the air may be supplied to the interior of the flame in an improved manner, thereby to secure steadiness and reliability in the character of the flame; also to provide an improved type of centering device for the distributer; and generally to improve the construction and operation of burners of the aforesaid type. Further objects and advantages of the invention will be pointed out in the specification and embodied in the combinations of elements presented by the claims thereto annexed.

In the drawings forming part hereof, Figure 1 represents a vertical sectional view through a burner constructed in accordance with my invention, the surrounding drum and air distributing collar being shown; Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are similar views of modifications of the burner shown in Fig. 1, the drum, surrounding collar, and supply pipe being omitted; and Fig. 10 is a View similar to Fig. 1 of a still further modification of my invention.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, 1 denotes the inner and 2 the outer wick tube of the burner, 3 the lateral supply connection projecting from the bottom of the outer wick tube and 4 a hook secured to the inner wick tube, said connection and book forming means whereby the burner may be connected. to and the space between the wick tubes placed in communication with the sup ply pipe 5 in the manner set forth in the aforesaid Jeavons patent. The outer wick tube is preferably bent or deflected inwardly near its upper end, as shown at 2, while the upper end of the inner wick tube is preferablv deflected outwardly, as shown at 1, and then upwardly as shown at 1", the top of the outer wick tube being shown as re jecting a short distance above the top 0 the inner wick tube. Between the wick tubes the wick 6 is adjustably mounted.

The outer wick tube is shown as provided with an outwardly projecting ledge 7 ex tending'therearound, which ledge forms a seat for th drum 8 and collar 9. A convenient manner of supporting these parts from the ledge 7 is by providing the collar 9 with a plurality of radial ribs 10, which ribs are connected to the collar in any suitable manner, as shown at 10, the inner ends of the ribs being adapted to slip over the upper end of the outer wick tube and engage and rest upon the ledge 7. The drum 8 is secured upon the horizontally extending ledge or shoulder 9 of the collar 9 by means of an inwardly projectin extension 8 the bottom of which is rounde The upper end of the collar 9 is bent outwardly, as shown at 9 and 9. The parts thus far described are substantially identical with the burner parts shown in the J eavons patent aforesaid.

' Below the top of and within the inner wick tube is located an imperforate inverted frusto conical spanner, indicated at 11, such spanner being supported within the wick tube in any convenient manner, as b having its outer peripheral portion fitted within the head 12 extending around the said wick tube. From the inner circumference of the spanner there depends a cylindrical neck 13, which neck is provided with a suitable number (two or more) of studs 14, projectin radially inwardly therefrom. These stu s may convenientl be short rivets.

Within t e upper end of the inner wick tube and codperating with the collar 9 is an air distributer of the same general type as that shown in the J eavons patent aforesaid.

'As shown in Fig. 1 this distributer comprises generally a central tubular portion having an automatic locking device adapted to engage the studs and. supportin at its upper end a air of vertically spaced spreaders, a deflecting hood beneath said spreaders and above a series of openings between the looking device and the spreaders; the tubular portion also supports (through an annular plate arranged below the said openings) a vertically extending air distributing ring or collar having openlngs in its upper end.

15 denotes generally the central tube. At its lower end this tube is formed into a locking device of the type shown in the patent to Jeavons No. 871,593, issued November 19, 1907.- The locking device comprises generally three or more downwardly extending pointed segments 16 (corresponding in numer to the studs 14). Each segment comprises a pointed or tapered plate the edges 17 whereof extend upwardly from the point at the lower end thereof, one of the edges 17 of each segment being provided with an inwardly extending notch 18 having two laterally extending vertically spaced .seats 19 and 20. By this constructlon, when the distributer is dropped in place within the top of the inner wick tube, the seats 19 will be.

17 thereabove, and this gives a sufficient rotation to the distributer in the opposite direction to bring the seats 19 beneath the studs. If, however, the edges 17 which are opposite the notches 18 engage the studs when the distributer is dropped into place, the distributer will be rotated in one direction only and until the studs engage the inclined surfaces above the seats 19. The studs thus serve to anchor the distributer against displacement by a vertical movement only and prevent the wick from lifting the distributer should it be turned upwardly into engagement with the lower sp-reader,as is pointed out in Patent N 0. 871,593. The distributer (which will be set forth in greater detail hereinafter) possesses such advan tages that it is frequently sold in connection with existing burners equipped with another form of anchoring devices within the inner tube which anchoring devices are located at a higher position within the inner tube than are the studs 14. When used with burners having-such older form of anchoring devices, the seats 20 will coiiperate with such earlier anchoring devices and will extend therebeneath to automatically lock the distributer in place.

The tube 15 is provided with a series of openings 21 intermediate the top and bottom thereof. These openings are formed by cutting away the intermediate portion of the tube and, in forming the openings in thi manner, only suflicient metal is retained to unite the upper and lower parts of the tube whereby a free circulation of air will be provided through the intermediate portion of such tube. Above these openings, the sleeve 15 is provided with a frusto conical hood 22 which extends downwardly above the tops of the openings. Secured to the sleeve 15, immediately below the openings 21, is an inverted frust'o conical spanner plate 23 which, when the distributer collar of J eavons Patent No. 871,593 and is employed for the same purpose as such pat-' ented collar, viz: to provide a barrier, Within the upper portion ofthe inner wick tube, between the air flowing through said tube and the space adjacent to the top of the inner wick tube and to insure a proper supplyof air to such space. The collar forms an annular space with the adjacent upper portion of the inner wick tube and has its upper end flared inwardly, as shown at 26, to provide a barrier within the top of the wick tube,.such fluid barrier being perforated, as shown at 27.

28 denotes a lower annular spreader having its inner portion bent downwardly and connected in any approved manner with the upper part of the tube 15. This spreader 28 is preferably imperforate and extends above the top of the wick 6, in position to be engaged thereby should the latter be turned too high. Above the spreader 28- and spaced therefrom so as to provide an air supply 7 passageway therewith is a spreader 29, said spreader being provided with a series of perforations 30 near the outer edge thereof and with perforations 31 located within, (that is toward the center with respect to) the perforations 30. The spreader 29 may be conveniently supported from the tube 15 by means of arms 32, the top of the tube being practically cut away between the spreaders so as to aflord a full and free supply of air to such space. The space or passageway formed between the spreaders 29 and 30 diminishes in 'cross sectional area toward the outer or peripheral portions of such spreaders.

In burners of the type to which this in vention relates, should the operator turn the 'wick too high, it will engage the outer edge of the lower spreader 28, thereby cutting ofi the passage of vapors from the top and the inner portion of the wick to the space between the spreaders and the upper end of'the collar 9. These vapors accumulate within the upper-end of the inner wick tube and drop by gravity in proximity to the bottom of the inner wick tube and, being ignited, cause the generation of an undue and dangerous quantity of vapor in the space between the wick tubes, with the dangerous consequences set forth hereinbefore. By the construction disclosed herein, however, any vapors that may drop in the space between the collar 25 and the inner wick tube and any vapors or oil that may'pass beneath the bottom of said collar will be conducted by the imperforate spanner plate 11 downwardly within the neck 13 at the central portion of the burner. In'actual practice the collar never seats with such snugness upon the outer edge portion of the spanner as to prevent the passage beneath my invention.

in the manner described. The same is true of any vapors and oil of condensation that may fall within the space below the spreader a 28 and between the tube 15 and the collar 25. These vapors will be conducted .down the Here they are subjected to the central draft passing up through the neck 13 and tube 15 and through the space between the spread ers. ll he combustlon, therefore, of any vapors that may be so generated, is limited to the central portion of the burner and the flames are confined to this limited zone, where their heating eflect upon the oil between the wick tubes is negligible.

Reference has been made hereinbefore to the adaptability of the air distributer for use'within the old construction of anchor-mg device as well as with the particular construction (including the neck 13 and the studs 14) shown herein. This air-distributer construction is also of great efficacy in burners having the former anchoring devices since, because of the spanner plate23,

bottom edge of the collar; hence the danger due to such fluids is inconsiderable. The combustible fluids that accumulate within the collar comprise the greater proportion of the fluids that accumulate within the entire burner, and these are directed to the plate 23 and discharged within the neck 13.

neck 13 by the spanner plate 23 and are consumed out of heatingv relation to the wick tubes.

In Fig. 2 there is shown a modification of In this view and the succeeding views, the cooperatin drum and outer collar are omitted as the1r relation to the wick tubes and the internal air distributer will be the same as in Fig. 1. Referring more particularly to Fig. 2, the parts 1, 2, 7, and 11 to 24 are substantially identical with the like numbered parts on Fig. 1. It will be noted that the tube'15 is provided with a series of perforations 159 above the hood 22 adapted to supply air to the space beneath the spreader 35 and with. a series of perforations 15" near the upper end thereof, which last mentioned perforations are adapted to communicate with the space between the spreaders (to be describedv hereinafter) 33 denotes the ring or collar within the top of the inner wick tube. This ring or collar is the same in is secure shape and position as the ring or collar in the preceding modification. In Fig. 2, however, it is shown as provided with a series of openings 33 just above the top of w the flange 24 and with a sin 1e series of perforations-34 in the inwar 1y projected or frusto conical to 34.

The lower sprea er is secured to the tube 15 in'substantially the same manner as w the spreader 28 in Fig. 1 and is of substantially the same shape and construction as the last mentioned spreader, differing therefrom mainly in the provision of a serles of apertures 35 intermediate between the inner and 15 outer edges thereof. The outer portion of 25 drical walls of the cup formin an annular space within the tube 15 and t e bottom of the cup being provided with perforations 37.

The operation of the burner in Fig. 2 is substantially the same as that of the burner shown in Fig. 1. Any combustible fluids that may accumulate within the inner wick tube will be directed away from the wick tubes and the combustion will take place in 35 the central portion of the burner, the flame passin upwardly through the chimney forme by the neck 13 and tube 15. The perforations 15, 15", 33", and 35 are ad: vantageous' in securing eflicient combustion,

the burners being operated under proper and ordinary conditions. The annular chimney or flue provided between the cylindrical wall of the cup 37 and the surroundng tube 15 materially assists in the circula- 5 tion of the air through the space between the spreaders and thereby increases the efiiciency of the burner.

In Fig. 3 there is shown another modification of the invention wherein the parts numbered 1, 2, 7, 11, 13 and 14 are substantially identical with the like numbered parts in the preceding figures. The tube which carries the locking device in Fig. 3 is shown as a Short sleeve 38 havin apertures 39 similar to the apertures 21 o the preceding modifications. The locking device at the bottom of the tube is substantially identical with that shown in Jeavons Patent No. 871,593 referred to hereinbefore, there being in this case but one lateral step 40 for each segment, which steps are arranged with special reference to the studs 14. The plate or spanner 23 in this case is shown as extending in a substantially horizontal plane from the 5 sleeve 38, below the openings 39, and is seemeans jected downwardly in the shape of a cup 44, the bottom whereof is preferably erforated,

as shown at 44, and is connecte to the top of the tube 38, as by means of the lugs 38*. The lower spreader comprises an outer portion 45 which is similar to the outer portions of the lower spreaders in the two preceding views. The inner part of the spreader is a cylindrical sleeve 46 which extends below the tops of the openings 39, thereby forming ahood for such openings,

operatlng similarly to the hoods 22 of the preceding modifications. The spreaders are connected by means of suitable angular metal spacers '47 which extend across the space between the cylindrical portions of the spreaders and between the outwardly projectin portions of said spreaders, bein connecte to the spreaders as by means 0 lugs 47, 47", which may be inserted through suitable apertures in the spreaders and then bent into engagement with the spreaders.

In the modification of my invention shown in Fig. 4, the parts 1, 2, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 21 are substantially identical with the like numbered parts in Figs. 1 and 2; the spreader 28 is substantially identical with that shown in Fig. 1, while the spreader 36, 37 is substantially identical with that shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the erforations 37 in the bottom of the cup 3 being shown as distributed throughout the bottom instead of bein arranged in an annular series. It will be observed that, in Fig. 4, no hood is provided for the openings 21.

In Fig. 5 there is shown another modification of my invention wherein the parts 1, 2 and 7 only are duplicated in the preceding views. The tube 15 is replaced by a tube 48 having apertures 49 corresponding to the apertures 21 and 39 of the preceding modifications and terminating at 1ts lower end in a lockingdevice 50 comprising a plurality of short locking segments 51 each having a lateral seat 52 for the coiiperatin anchoring member carried by a fixed art 0 the burner. Above the openings 49, t e tube 48 is provided with a second series of openings 53 which communicate with the space between the spreaders, the tube being bridged by a diaphragm 48, above the openings 53, said diaphragm having a series of apertures 48 therein. At its upper end, the tube is connected to the upper spreader 54, which is similar to the upper spreaders hereinbefore set forth and is provided with apertures 54.

The lower spreader 55 is carried by a cylindrical sleeve 56 surrounding the tube 48 and spaced therefrom and extending below the openin s 53, where it is bent inwardly, as hown at 57, and then downwardly, as shown at 58, to provide a flange whereby it may be secured to the tube 48. It will be seen that a passageway for the circulation of air is provided through the openings 53 between the sleeve 56 and the tube 48 and thence between the outwardly extending parts 54 and 55 of the Spreaders.

The ring or collar which is within the top of the inner wick tube is shown as secured to a vertical flange on an outwardly projecting wall or diaphragm 59, which is secured, as by a suitable vertical flange 60, to the sleeve 56. The ring or collar 61 extends upwardly'above the inner wick tube and the upper part thereof is shown deflected inwardly, as at 62. The upper end and the body of the collar are provided with perforations 62, 61 respectively. In this case the air distributer is supported upon a seat near the top of the inner wick tube, the seat being provided at the upper end of an air jacket. This air jacket may be conveniently formed by extending 'the metal of the outer wick tube across the bottom of the inner wick tube, then upwardly, then inwardly as the inner wick tube. The upper portionofthis cylinder 64, is flared ,outwardly, as

shown at 65, and the upper end of this flared portion merges with a horizontal seat. 66 from which there extends a vertical flange 67 by which the top of the air jacket may be secured to the inner wick tube. The air distributer is. supported within the wick tube by the engagement of the outer edge portion of the plate or wall 59 with the seat 66. An opening 68 may be provided in the inwardly extending bottom of the jacket to prevent pressure therein due to any expansion of fluids.

The spanner with which the locking device coiiperates comprises an inverted frusto conical plate 69 having a flange 69 by which it may be anchored to the cylinder 64. A plurality of short studs or ribs 70 project into the circular space in the interior of the spanner and serve the same function as the studs 14 in engaging the lateral seats 52 of the locking device. It will be obvious that the construction shown in Fig. 5 will not only conduct combustible fluids that may accumulate within the upper portion of the inner wick tube to the interior of the burner, where they may be consumed in the same manner as is the case with the constructions shown in the preceding views, but that the wick tubes will be protected against the heat tributer resembles rather closely the construction shown in Fig. 3. In this view, the parts 1, 2, 7 1114 inclusive, 23, 24", 41, 42, 45, and 46 are substantially identical with the like numbered arts of Fig. 3. In Fig. 6 however, the per orations in the inwardly projecting flange 42 are omitted. The central. tube which carries the locking device mounted within the neck 13 is indicated at 71 and is provided with a series of openings 72, similar to the openings 21 and 39 in preceding modifications of the invention. The

locking device is similar to that shown in Fig. 3, one of the lateral shoulders which is adapted to extend beneath a stud 14 being indicated at 40. At its upper end, the tube 72 is provided with a series of prongs 73 which are adapted to be inserted through openings in a plate 74 and to be bent outwardly to secure said plate across the top of the tube. This late is provided with an annular series of openings 74 adapted to communicate with the cylindrical ortion 75 of the upper spreader, the parts 4 and 7 5 forming a cup similar to those shown in Figs. 2-5 and said spreader extending outwardly above the top of the-wick tubes, as shown at 76, and being provided in this portion with apertures 76*. The spreader may be anchored to the diaphragm 74 by; prongs 75 The plate comprising the diaphragm 74 is of considerably greater extent than the cross-sectional area of the tube 71 and is bent downwardly and outwardly above the tops of the openings 72 in said tube to form a hood thereabove, as shown at 77, and is provided in the frusto conical hood with a series of apertures '7 8 which are adapted to permit a suitable proportion of the air circulating through the openings 72 to pass between the spreaders 45 and 76. At the outer and lower edge of the'frusto conical hood 77, the metal of the plate is bent downwardly to form a substantially vertical flange 79 to which the cylindrical portion of the sleeve 46 of'the spreader 45 is secured in any suitable manner, as by staking.

In Fig. 7 there is shown a further modi- V fication of my invention wherein the parts 1, 2, 7, 15 to 21 inclusive, 32, 35, 36, 37, and l the distributer assembly; in fact, only the inwardly projecting or frusto conical flange or barrier of such collar is retained in the present case, and this flan e, indicated at 62", is secured to the top of the inner wick tube and is provided with a series of aper tures 62. The distributer assembly is supported upon the part 81 of the spanner and within the cylindrical seat formed by the vertical shoulder or flange 82, being supported by the hood which surrounds the openings 21 in the tube 15. -This hood is shown as comprising a vertical flange 85 which surrounds the tube 15 and is'secured thereto, above the openings 21. The frusto conical, hood proper, 86, extends downwardly and outwardly from the vertical flange 85 and merges with a cylindrical skirt 87 having a series of large apertures 88 therein. These apertures are so located that their lower edges will be preferably slightly below the lower end of the part 80 of the spanner when the skirt is seated upon the part 81 and within the vertical cylindrical shoulder 82. This provides for the free discharge of combustible fluids that may fall from the inner surface of the wick down the spanner, through the openings 88 and into the neck 83, whereby the fluids ma be burned within the central portion 0 the burner and in conjunction with a central draft tube which'insures that the combustion shall take place at a point sufiiciently remote from the inner wick tube to avoid the dangers heretofore indicated.

In Fig. 8 there is shown a still further modification of the invention wherein the parts 1, 2, 7, 11--14, and 16-20 are substantially identical with like designated parts in the preceding views. In this case, the anchoring or locking device for the distributer is carried at the lower end of the short tube 89 having its extreme upper end flared outwardly, as shown at 90, to provide a flange whereby it may be secured to and supported from a horizontally extending spanner or annulus 91 having at its inner and its outer edge a depending flan e 92. By means of the outer flange 92, th1s annulus or spanner is secured to a vertical cylindrical flange 93 constituting a skirt for the bottom of a frusto conical hood 94 having apertures 94 therein. At its upper end, this hood merges with a vertical cylindrical .sleeve 95, which merges with a frusto conical I upper end the inwardly projectin portion 96 having apertures 96 therein, and this portion 96 in turn merges with a vertical cylindrical portion 97 having an inwardly projecting flange 98 at its top. Secured to the cylindrical flange 93 is the ring or collar '99, which is generally similar to the ring or collar 25 and which has at its frusto conical flange 100 and has, in sai flange and in the upper cylindrical part of the collar beneath the flange a series of openings 101. The c lindrical part 95 forms a continuation of the tube 89 and a support for the lower spreader 102, said spreader having a depending cylindrical flange 102 which surrounds the part 95 and is secured thereto in any convenient manner, as by staking. The upper spreader comprises an outwardly projecting portion 103 which extends above the outwardly extending portion 102 of the lower spreader and forms therewith an air passageway which is supplied through the parts 13, 89,, 95, and the apertures 96. The spreader 103 is provided with a vertical cylindrical sleeve 104 closed at the top by a cap 105, the sleeve 104 being.

sleeved upon the cylindrical part 97 of the central distributing element 93-98.

In Fig. 9 there is shown a still further modification of the invention, wherein the parts 1, 2, 7, 12, 25, 26, and 27 are substantially identical with like designated parts in the preceding views. The spanner in this case is somewhat modified, comprising an outer horizontal annulus 106 which is secured to the inner wick tube and from the inner periphery of which annulus an inverted frusto conical portion 107 extends, while from the inner peripheral portion of the part 107 a cylindrical neck 108 depends, this neck corresponding to the parts 13 and 83 in the preceding vlews. The neck 108 is provided with studs 109 similar to the studs 14.

110 denotes the tube which carries the anchoring or locking device having the depending segments 112 and the locking shouldens 113 adapted to cooperate with the studs 109. This tube 110 is provided with openings 111 similar to the openings 21, 49 and 72, and at its upper end 1s provided with a suitable number of prongs 114 adapted to extend through the central cap 115 of the upper spreader, the outwardly projecting pption of said spreader being indicated at spreader is preferably perforated, as shown at 115. The lower spreader comprises the outwardly projecting portion 117 which merges with a downwardly extending cylindrical sleeve 118 the lower end of which merges with an inwardly projecting flange 119 having apertures 119 therein. The

spreader may be secured to the tube 110 by means of a vertical flange 120. Air is sup The central portion of the upper plied to the space between the'spreaders 116 and 117 by'means of apertures 110 in the top of the tube 110 and beneath the cap 115.

In this form of my invention now under discussion, I contemplate providing a central draft tube within and additional to the tube 110. This central draft tube is in dicated at 121 and is shown as supported at its upper end by means of a flange 122 depending from an inverted frusto conical plate 122 the outer edge of which merges with a vertical flange 123 which may be secured to-the interior of the tube 110 in any convenient manner, as by being staked thereto. The parts 110123 are shown as anchored or secured to the ring or collar 25 by means of an inverted frusto conical span-f this modification, the central draft tube and.

the neck depending from the spanner are omitted; also a single spreader is employed and no special anchoring. arrangement is provided for the air distributer. Notwithstanding the absence of the central draft tube and the neck, the construction and arrangement of the spanner are such as to conduct away from the inner tube vapors which tend to accumulate therewithin, under the conditions pointed out hereinbefore, and

to confine the combustion of these vapors to the central portion of the burner and out of vaporizing relation to the inner wick tube. In this view, I have shown the exterior parts 7, 8, 9, 9, 9", 9, 10 and 10 that are shown and described in connection with Fig. 1. The inner tube 1 is similar to that shown in Fig. 7 hereinbefore, in that in this case the inwardly projecting flange or barrier 127 extends directly inwardly from the top of the inner wick tube and may be integral therewith. The outer edge of the spanner may be secured within the wick tube in the same manner as shown in the preceding views or in any approved manner. The spanner shown in this figure comprises an outer portion 128, which may be substantially horizontal, the outer portion being connected with an inverted frusto conical inner portion 131 by vertically and horizontally extending portions 129 and 130, forming a seat for a combined air distributor and The spanner, as is the.

shown as extending above, or in operative.

relation to, the top of the wick 6. This spreader is shown as mounted on top of a frusto conical air distributer and support 133. The element 133 is shown as rovided with a substantially flat top whic is connected to the spreader in any approved 'j'the lower spreader. to be of great advantage in the general opperforations or openings the aggregate areawhereof is at least equal to the central 0 ening in the spanner plate. The perforations in the element 133 may be of any shape,

those shown herein being. in the form of,

horizontally elongated slots 136, which may be arranged in horizontal series, the slots in one series alternating or being'staggered with respect to those in the series above or below the same. In the operation-of the burner just described, any vapors that may tend to accumulate within the inner wick tube will be conducted, by the imperforate spanner, to the central opening, and'these valpors will be consumed out of vaporizing re ation to the inner wick tubes and without any of the detrimental eifects noted hereinbefore. I

In all forms of my invention disclosed herein, means are provided whereby vapors or other combustible fluids which may be liberated from the inner surface of the wick and fall within the interior of the burner (as through turning the wick upward so as to engage the bottom of the lower spreader) will be conducted away from the inner wick tubetoward the central portion of the burnerwhere means are provided for confining the flames so as to prevent them from unduly heating the space between the wick tubes. In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 5, additional protection is secured through the use of an air acket; and in the form of the invention shown in Fig. 9 further protection is secured through the use 1 of the central draft tube in addition to a surrounding draft tube formed by the spanner'sleeve andtlie cooperating air distribu ter sleeve therewithin. It will be evident that other and further modifications of the invention may suggest themselves to those familiar with this art and that various changes may be made in construction but without avoiding the spirit of my invention.

In nearly all the forms of my invention .disclosed herein, a hood is provided above ?the openings through which air is supplied from the central tube to the space beneath This has been found eration of the burner, since it insures an even and adequate distribution of air to the vapors evolved from theinner surface of the wick and to the flame produced by the com bustion of such vapors. In addition, when the wick has been turned so high as to prevent the vapors and flame from passing above the wick and beneath the lower spreader, this hood serves to direct the vapors downwardly 'and into the lower portions of the openings provided in the central draft tube above the spanner plate and hence to convey these vapors more directly into the neck formed by the depending cylindrical extension of the spanner plate. Itwill be observed further that, in all forms of my invention except that illustrated in Figs. 5 and 10,'the spanner and the central cylindrical sleeve or tube carried thereby form with the inner wick tube a construction resembling that of an inverted bot tle whereof the cylindrical tube or sleeve; 13 constitutes the neck. When the operator first turns the wick into engagement with the lower spreader, the combustion of the vapors generated from the inner surface and top of the Wick continues for such time as an adequate supply of air is present, whereafter the combustion ceases, but the vaporization continues through the heat of the flame produced by the combustion of the vapors generated from the outer surface of the wick. The vapors thus evolved from the top and inner surface of the wick fall within the inner wick tube and follow the downwardly inclined path provided therearemet by the ascending current of air and for in the bottle neck where these vapors are supplied with sufficient oxygen to support combustion, being ignited by the spreader or by flame traveling backward through the spreader openings; in fact, as

is well known, when the temperature of the mixture of vapor and air is suificientl high, the mixture will ignite spontaneously. In actual o eration, the combustible fluids accumulating within the inner wick tube will burn within the central draft tube, from the top downward, the flame will not ordinarily extend below the bottom of the bottle neck, and no flame will persist in the space below such neck. The flame is thus concentrated within the neck, the tube extending thereabove, and the space below the top spreader.

In the form of my invention shown in Fig. 10, the vapors which might tend, to accumulate in the top of the inner wick tube are conducted to the central opening of the "spanner and are consumed in the central part of the wick tube without the persistence of flame in the space beneath the spanner and without undulyheating the wick'tubes.

depending cylindrical part of the upper v spreader forms with the surrounding cylindrical sleeve depending from the lower ally assists in the circulation of air through.

the space between the spreaders.

In addition to the advantages, from the safety standpoint which my invention affords, it should be noted that the circulation of the air currents efl'ected thereby lessens the seepage and prevents the condensation of vapors inside the burner.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube, said spanner plate having a depending neck, an air distributing collar adapted to be supported by the spanner plate and within the upper portion of the inner wick tube, a central draft tube connected to the last mentioned collar and extending above said collar, and a pair of vertically spaced spreaders carried by said draft tube and extending above the top of the wick, the space between said spreaders communicating with the draft tube.

2. In a burner of the character described,

-the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube, said spanner plate having a depending neck, an air distributing collar adapted to be supported by the spanner plate and within the upper portion of the inner wick tube, a spanner plate extending inwardly fromvthe last mentioned collar, a central tube to which the inner end of the last mentioned spanner plate is secured, said tube extending upwardly from the neck, and a pair of vertically spaced spreaders carried by said central tube and extending above the wick, the space between said spreaders communicating with said tube.

3. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a neck within the inner wick tube, an air distributing collar adapted to be supported within the upper portion of the inner wick tube, a spanner plate extending inwardly from said collar,

a central tube to which the inner edge of said spanner plate is secured, said tube extending upwardly from the neck, and a pair of vertically spaced spreaders carried by the central tube and extending above the wick, the space between said spreaders communicating with said tube.

4.-In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes and means forcollecting and conducting to the central portion of the inner wick tube combustible fluids tending to accumulate within said tube.

, 5. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, means for collecting and conducting to the central portion of the inner wick tube combustible fluids tending to accumulate within said tube, and means whereby such fluids will be retained within and out of vaporizing relation to the wick tubes.

6. In a burner of the character described the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a pair of-vertically spaced spreaders the lower one whereof extends above the inner wick tube, a tube communicating with the space between said spreaders and located within and spaced from the inner wick tube,

and means additional to the lower spreader and means for conducting to the tube such combustible fluids as may tend to accuwick tube.

8. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a spreader within and extending above the top of the wick, a draft tube within the inner wick tube, and a spanner plate between said'draft tube and said inner wick tube and serving to conduct to the draft tube combustible fluids tending to accumulate above such plate within the inner wick tube. a

9. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, 2. wick therebetween, a spreader extending above the top of the wick, a second spreader extending above and spaced from the first-mentioned spreader, a tube within the inner wick tube and communicating with the space between said Spreaders, said tube having a series of openings there'around, an air distributing collar within the inner wick tube, a hood extending downwardly above the upper ends of said openings and interposed'between the same and the collar, and means for conducting to said openings combustible fluids tending to accumulate thereabove.

10. In a burner of the character described,

the combination of inner andouter wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spanner plate within the inner wick tube and having a depending neck at its inner periphery, a

tube extending upwardly from the neck,

ing neck at its inner periphery, a tube extending upwardly from the neck, a spreader carried by the last mentioned tube and extending above the top of the inner wick tube, and a spreader extending above and spaced from the first mentioned spreader, the space between said spreaders communicating with such interior tube.

12. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a spreader extending above the top of the inner wick tube, a second spreader extending above and spaced from the first mentioned spreader, and means additional to the lower spreader for collecting and conducting to the space between said Spreaders combustible fluids that may tend to accumulate within the inner wick tube. I

13. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, means for collecting and conducting to the central portion of the inner wick tube combustible fluids that may tend to ac cumulate within the upper portion of said tube, and means for isolating the fluids thus collected and conducted from such inner wick tube.

14. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, means additional to said spreader for conducting away from the inner wick tube combustible fluids that may tend to accumulate within the upper portion thereof, and means for limiting the combustion of such fluids to a space out of vaporizing relation to said tubes.

15. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a spreader extending in operative re lation to the top of the inner wick tube, means additional to said spreader for collecting and conducting toward the central portion of the inner wick tube combustible fluids that may be liberated within the upper portion 0i said tube, and means for confining the combustion of such fluids within the central portion only of the inner wick tube.

16. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, means for conducting to the central portion of the inner wick tube combustible'fiuids that may be liberated from the inner surface of the wick and tend to ac cumulate within the inner wick tube, and means for limiting the combustion of such fluids to the central portion of such inner wick tube whereby the space between the wick tubes will be protected against the heat of combustion of such fluids.

17. In a burner of the character described,

the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, means for collecting and conducting to the central portion of the inner wick tube any vapors that may tend to accumulate therewithin, and means for limiting the combustion of such vapors to the central portion of such wick tube, whereby the space between the wick tubes will be. protected against the heat of combustion of such vapors.

18. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a draft tube within the inner wick tube, and means for collecting and conducting to said tube combustible fluids that may be liberated from the inner surface of the -wick and tend to accumulate within the .draft tube I and .to the space between said Spreaders.

20. In a burner of the character described,

the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a draft tube arranged within the inner wick tube, a spanner plate extending outwardly from the draft tube and arranged to conduct thereto any combustible fluids tending to accumulate within said wick tube above the plate, and means whereby a collecting chamber for such fluids will be formed above said plate.

21. In a burner of the character described,

the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the to of the wick, a second spreader extending a ove and spaced from the first mentioned spreader, a tube depending from the first mentioned spreader and communicating with the space between said Spreaders, and a spanner plate extending inwardl from the inner Wick tube and having a epending neck at its central portion adapted to form anextension of said depending tube, said dependingtube being perforated above said spanner.

22. In a burner of the character described,

-the, combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader ex tending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube depending from the spreader, and a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube and having a depending neck at its central portion adapted to form an extension of said depending tube, said depending tube being perforated above said spanner.

23. In a burner of the character described,

the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending above the top of the wick, a tube depending from the central portion of such spreader and having a ser1es of openings therearound, and a plate extending out-,1

wardly'from said depending tube from the lower portions of said opemngs towardthe inner wick tube.

24. In a burner of the character described,

communicating with the space between said Spreaders, and a transversely" extending plate within the inner wick tube arranged to conduct to said depending tube any combustible fluids that may tend to accumulate within the upper portion of the wick. tube.

, 25. In a burner of the character described,

the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a tube within the inner wick tube and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, and a spanner plate extendin outwardly from such interior tube towar the inner wick tube and adapted to.

conduct to the interior tube any combustible fluids that'ma tend to accumulate within the upper portion of the inner wick tube.

26. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending over"the top of the wick, a tube depending from the spreader within the inner wick tube and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, a depending neck within, the inner wick tube and cooperating with the lower end of said tube to form a central draft tube therewith withinthe inner wick tube, and a spanner plate extending outwardly from the upper end of said neck toward the inner wick tube. 27. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extendin above the top of the wick, a tube depen ing from the central portion of the spreader within the inner wick tube and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, a

depending neck within the central'portion of the inner wick tube and cooperating with the lower end of said depending tube to form a central draft tube therewith within the central portion of the inner wick tube and a spanner plate extending upwardly and outwardly from the upper end of said neck toward the inner wick tube, said neck and 4 spanner plate forming" an inverted bottleneck constructlon within the inner wick tube, the bottom of said neck defining the lowest iao the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, atube depending from the spreader within the inner wick tube, said tube having a locking device and being perforated above such device, a second spreader extending above and spaced from the first mentioned spreader, and a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube and having a depending neck adapted to receive therewithin the locking device of the first mentioned tube and having anchoring means cooperating with said locking device.

29. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wicktherebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube depending from the central portion of the spreader within the inner wick tube, said tube having a locking device and being perforated above such device, and a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube and having a depending neck adapted to receive therewithin the lockhaving anchoring ing device of the first mentioned tube and means codperating with said locking device.

30. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube depending from the central portion of said spreader and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, said tube having at its lower end a plurality of downwardly tapered locking segments each having an inwardly extending notch in one edge thereof provided with seats spaced apart in the direction of the length of the tube, and a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube and having a central depending neck adapted to receive the locking segments therewithin and provided with inwardly projecting studs each cotiperating with one of the seats of asegment.

31. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a central draft tube depending from said spreader and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, said tube having at its lower end a plurality of locking segments each having an inwardly extending notch in one edge thereof provided with seats spaced apart in the direction of the length of the tube, and anchoring means cooperating with one such set of seats.

32. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a central draft tube depen ing from said spreader and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, said tube havinga locking device at its lower end, said locking device comprising a plurality of downwardly extending tapered segments, each segment having in one of its edges a notch havin a pair of seats spaced apart circumferentlally as well as longitudinally with respect to said tube, and means within the inner wick tube coiiperating with one set of seats to retain the said tube and spreader in operative relation to the tops of the wick tubes. V

33. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a-wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube depending from the central portion of the spreader within the inner wick tube and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, a depending neck within the central portion of the inner wick tube and cobperating with the lower end of said tube to form a central draft tube therewith within the central portion of the inner wick tube, and a" spanner plate extending upwardly and outwardly from the upper end of said neck within the inner'wick tube, the lower portions of said tube and said neck being provided with cotiperating interlocking means whereby the spreader may be retained inboperative relation to the tops of the wick tu es.

34. In a burner of the character described, 1

the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube depending from said spreader within the inner wick tube and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, a spanner plate interposed between such depending tube and the inner wick tube and adapted to conduct to the depending tube combustible fluids that may tend to accumulate within the upper portion of the inner wick tube, and locking devices coiiperating with such depending tube for securing the spreader in operative relation to the wick tubes.

35. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube depending from said spreader within the inner wick tube and adapted to supply air to the burner flame and having a locking device, a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube and having a central neck adapted to receive therewithin said locking device, and

anchoring means carried by the said neck adapted to engage the locking device.

36. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetweema spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube depending from the central portion of the spreader, said tube having a series of openings therethrough below the top of the inner. wick tube, a collar within the upper portion of the wick tube, and a downwardly extending hood above the upper ends of said openings.

37. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube within the inner wick tube beneath said spreader and having a series of openings therearound, a collar within the upper end of the inner wick tube, and a hood covering the upper ends of said openm s. I

8. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a second spreader extending above and spaced from the first-mentioned spreader, a tube within the inner wick tube and communicating with the space between said Spreaders, said tube having a series of openings therearound, an air distributing collar within the inner wick tube, and a hood extending downwardly above the upper ends of said openings and interposed of the wick, a tube depending from the between the same and the collar.

39. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a second spreader extending above and spaced from the first mentioned spreader, a tube within the inner wick tube and communicating with the space between said Spreaders, said tube having a series of openings therearound, a hood extending downwardly and outwardly above the upper ends of said openings, and an air distributing collar within the inner wick tube and surrounding said hood.

40. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top spreader within the interior 'of the inner wick tube and adapted to supply air to the burner flame, said tube having a series of openings therearound located within and below the top of the inner wick tube, a hood extending downwardly above the upper ends of said openings, and an air distributing collar within the upper end of the inner wick tube and extending above said hood.

41. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the, top of the wick, a second spreader extending above andspaced from the first mentioned spreader, a tube depending from the central portion ofthe first mentioned spreader and communicating with the space between said Spreaders, said tube having a locking device, a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube and having a central depending neck and provided with anchor ing means cooperating with the locking device, the depending tube being perforated above the locking device, a plate connected to said tube below the perforated portion thereof and extending outwardly therefrom, and a collar connected to the outer portion of said plate and adapted to rest upon said spanner.

42. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a perforated tube depending from the spreader, a plate connected to said tube below the perforations therein and extending outwardly therefrom, and a collar extending upwardly from said plate.

43. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a perforated tube depending from the spreader, a hood extending downwardly above the top ofthe perforated portion of the tube, and means for conducting to such perforated portion of the tube any combustible fluids that may tend to accumulate in the upper portion of the inner wick tube.

44. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a second spreader extending above and spaced from the first mentioned spreader, a perforated tube depending from the central portion of thefirst mentioned spreader and communicating with the space between said Spreaders, a hood extending downwardly above the perforated part of said tube, and means for conducting through the perforated portion of said tube combustible fluids that may tend to accumulate in the upper portion of the inner wick tube.

45. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreaderextending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a spreader extendin above and spaced from the first mentione spreader, a tube depending from the central portion of the first mentioned spreader, said tube having a series of openings therethrough below the top of the inner Wick tube, a downwardly extending hood above the upper ends of said openings, and a plate extending outwardly from the lower portions of said openings toward the inner wick tube.

46. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending in operative relation to the top of the wick, a tube depending from the central P01 tion of said spreader and having a series of apertures therearound, a hood secured to such depending tube above the tops of said apertures and extending downwardly and outwardly above the upper ends of said apertures, a plate secured to said last mentioned tube below said apertures and extending upwardly and outwardly therefrom, a vertically extending collar secured to the outer edge of said plate and extending above said hood and adapted to distribute air to the inner surface of the wick, a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube and adapted to support said collar and having at its central portion a depending neck and cooperating locking devices carried by said neck and the lower end of said tube. v V

47. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, a spreader extending above the top of the Wick, a tube depending from said spreader within the inner wick tube, and having a series of apertures therearound, a hood secured to such depending tube above the tops of said apertures and extending downwardly above the upper ends of said apertures, a plate secured to said last mentioned tube below said apertures and extending outwardly therefrom, a vertically extending collar secured to the outer edge of said plate and extending above said hood and adapted to distribute air to the inner surface of the wick, and means for supporting said collar.

48. In a burner of the character described, the combination of inner and outer wick tubes, a wick therebetween, an imperforate annular spanner plate extending mwardly and downwardly from the inner wick tube, an air barrier within the circumference of the inner wick tube and above said spanner and the lower portions of said openings, a

downwardly extending hood on said tube above said openings, a spanner plate extending inwardly from the inner wick tube beneath the first-mentioned plate, and a neck depending from the second spanner plate and forming an inverted bottle-neck construction within the inner wick tube, the

bottom of said neck defining the lowest point e where, combustion of fluids conducted by said plates from the interior of the upper end of the wick tube may persist, and said tube and neck defining the lateral area of such combustion within said inner wick tube.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

LEE S. CHADWICK.

Witnesses:

W. E. SHEPPARD, E. A. Donn. 

